Optimization of Internet of Things Remote Desktop Protocol for Low-Bandwidth Environments Using Convolutional Neural Networks.

This paper discusses optimizing desktop image quality and bandwidth consumption in remote IoT GUI desktop scenarios. Remote desktop tools, which are crucial for work efficiency, typically employ image compression techniques to manage bandwidth. Although JPEG is widely used for its efficiency in eliminating redundancy, it can introduce quality loss with increased compression. Recently, deep learning-based compression techniques have emerged, challenging traditional methods like JPEG. This study introduces an optimized RFB (Remote Frame Buffer) protocol based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) image compression algorithm, focusing on human visual perception in desktop image processing. The improved RFB protocol proposed in this paper, compared to the unoptimized RFB protocol, can save 30-80% of bandwidth consumption and enhances remote desktop image quality, as evidenced by improved PSNR and MS-SSIM values between the remote desktop image and the original image, thus providing superior desktop image transmission quality.

Alzheimer's Disease-like Early-phase Brain Pathogenesis: Self-curing Amelioration of Neurodegeneration from Pro-inflammatory 'Wounding' to Anti-inflammatory 'Healing'.

OBJECTIVE: The etiological initiators of neuroinflammation remain inconclusive, and effective interventions to block neurodegeneration are unavailable. Surprisingly, we found collagen II-combined complete Freund's adjuvant (CC) that usually induces rheumatoid arthritis (RA) also drives Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neurodegeneration in mice. CC not only upregulates the cerebral pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8), but also downregulates the cerebral interleukin 10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a ratelimiting enzyme for biosynthesis of the anti-inflammatory neurotransmitter dopamine. In contrast, electroacupuncture (EA) elevates TNF-α/IL-8 and declines IL-10/TH at first, but declines TNF-α/IL-8 and elevates IL-10/TH later. Upon impact on mitochondrial biogenesis, ubiquitination, and autophagy, EA firstly potentates but secondly attenuates CC-triggered signaling cascades leading to oxidation, nitrosylation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis. Eventually, EA compromises neurodegeneration by decreasing amyloid- ß peptide (Aß) and phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau), and also rectifies neuronal dysfunctions by increasing the cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) and its rate-limiting biosynthetic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). RESULTS: Conclusively, EA initially aggravates and subsequently ameliorates CC-evoked AD-like earlyphase brain pathogenesis via conversion from pro-inflammatory microglia to anti-inflammatory microglia.

Acupuncture Decreases NF-κB p65, miR-155, and miR-21 and Increases miR-146a Expression in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis Rats.

Acupuncture has been used to treat chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries. In this study, we evaluated the effect of acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), Zhongwan (CV12), and Pishu (BL20) acupoints on weight changes of rats, histological changes of gastric glands, and expressions changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, microRNA- (miR-) 155, miR-21, and miR-146a in CAG rats induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) combined with irregular diet. Consequently, we found that acupuncture treatment elevated body weight of rats significantly when compared to the model group. By observing histological changes, we found that the acupuncture group showed better improvement of gastric mucosa injury than the model group. Our results also demonstrated upregulation of NF-κB p65, miR-155, and miR-21 in gastric tissue of CAG rats and a positive correlation between miR-155 and miR-21. Relatively, expression of miR-146a was downregulated and negative correlation relationships between miR-146a and miR-155/miR-21 in CAG rats were observed. Additionally, expressions of NF-κB p65, miR-155, and miR-21 were downregulated and miR-146a was upregulated after acupuncture treatment. Taken together, our data imply that acupuncture can downregulate NF-κB p65, miR-155, and miR-21 and upregulate miR-146a expression in CAG rats. NF-κB p65, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-146a may play important roles in therapeutic effect of acupuncture in treating CAG.

Chemical characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) collected from different locations in China.

The chemical characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza , also called "danshen" in China, were investigated on the basis of the simultaneous quantitative determination of 13 hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, namely, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic aldehyde, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, dihydrotanshinone I, przewalskin, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA, in 74 samples collected from different locations using ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Hierarchical clustering analysis based on 13 investigated compounds and the similarity of the entire chromatographic pattern showed that S. miltiorrhiza was significantly different from Salvia przewalskii , an adulterant of danshen. The chemical characteristics of S. miltiorrhiza collected from different locations in China were revealed, and salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinones I and IIA were optimized as markers for the evaluation, which is helpful in the quality control of S. miltiorrhiza.